Shaft rotating means



B. N. MORRIS 1,982,395

SHAFT ROTATING MEANS y Filed Sepi. 27, 1953 3 Sheef,s-Shee\`I 1 Nov. 27, 1934.

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Nov. 27, 1934. B, N. MORRIS SHAFT ROTATING MEANS Filed Sept. 27, 1933 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 IN VEN TOR WNW Patented Nov. 27, 1934 unirsi)l STATES PArENroi-Fies l 1,982,395 SHAFT Ro'rA'rINGl MEANS Ballard N. Morris, silver springt/m.- Application September 27, 19323, Serial No, 691,202

1s ciaims. (ci. I4-sr) The invention hereinafter disclosed, is an improvement upon and a modification of that set` forth in my application Ser. No. 672,487, led May 23, 1933, which prior application, Whether or not 5l it matures into a patent, is hereby made apart hereof and offered for inspection by anyone entitled to inspect the present application, by analogy to making profert in judicial proceedings. l Said application, Ser. No. 672,487, discloses the It broad idea of rotating a shaft by means of a drum and a band secured to and windable on and on of said drum and also secured to a piston, whosey stroke is tangential to said drum; there `being means so connecting saiddrum to said shaft that l when the piston forces the band to unwind and turn the drum, this turns the shaft, and when the shaft is further turned it turns the drum in reverse direction, winds up the band and returns the piston and in certain forms disclosed there is a reversing-drum and a strap iixedat one end and wound up by the unwinding of the driving-drum band and by the unwinding of the reversing-drum strap, the reversing-drum reverses the rotation of the driving drum.

The present application supplies further means between the piston and the band'and between the band and the drum to positively but releasably successively engage the bandto the piston, close to the drum, and to the point of tangency, as the band unwinds and to successively, releasably, en-

gage the band to the drum as the band is wound up, and a similar strap engaging means for the reversing drum, when such drum is employed.' i The object of this feature of this invention, is v to lessen the length of the tangent or unwoundy portion of the band or strap that'is subjectto severe stress, which portion, in the absence of such provision, increases in length as the band or strap is unwound, up to the length ofthe piston-stroke; 40 also to lessen the compressive strain kupon the drum, of the band and to tend to concentrate the pulling stress at the point of tangency.

This application also presents a substitute for the reversing-drum and strap, shown in Figs. l, 2, 3, 315/2, and 4 to 12 or the toothed reversing pinion, of the other figures of my application Ser. No. 672.487.

, As in that application, there are here shown two drums, each of which has a driving band, each of which bands has two pistonswhich, al` ternat'ely, pull the band and are pulled back by it, and each drum has a trunnionat each end which trunnions are alined with each other, but eccentric to the drum, so that the trunnions travel in circles as the drums rotate on their own axes.

These trunnionsare mounted -rotatively and eccentrically in three, alined, rotative disks, at the same `distance from the axes lofthe disks as theyV arefrom-the axes of the drums. yThe middle one of these three disksreceivesv the trunnions on the `adjacent endsofboth drums but at opposite sides of its axis. Wheneither drum is rotated it rotatesthe intermediate and one endA disk byrits trunnions and through the intermediate disk, rotates, or revolves, theother drum about the common axis Aof the disks. One of the enddisks is reduced `in size 'and extended through a bearing, as a drive-shaft-and the other hassimply a journal extension into aibearing,` or, may itself be mounted in a bearing. lComparison of the' construction so far described withHFigs. 3 andflg; of application SenNo. 672,487, is invited. But in the present construction, in place of the revers@ ingedrum 348 of said Fig.A 31/2, there `is a cranky arm between each drum and each trunnion, extending radially1 to both and rigidly uniting them and instead of a strap for such drum, there isa fixed surface engageable'by the wrist-pin of the crank-arm, sothat during the partial rotation of one drum by the other, through the intermediate disk or cylinder, the circular path of travel of the aXls of the trunnion toward such fixed surface; the crankwrist-pin being held back by such surface; causes the trunnion, and therefore the drunrto turn in the disk, on the axis of the trunnion,I` in the opposite directionto the revolu` tion of'the trunnion and the drum with the disk.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal, cross-section on a substantially central, vertical plane,` of so much of an engine asis necessaryv to show the relation of my invention thereto. In the rightehand half of this figure the vparts are shown in the same relative positions as they are shown in Fig. 5 While in the left-hand ha1f-1theparts are shown in the 5 same positions as they are shown in Fig. 7 and which is their correct relation to the parts shown at the right. A.

Fig. 2 showsA a transverse vertical section through a piston, a `driving-band engaging plate (common to two pistons) the driving band and a driving-drum.

Fig. 3 is a horizontal cross-section of the lower end of a pair of pistons and their common driving-plate. 1 i

Figs. 4,'5, 6, an 7 show transverse vertical sections of the parts in four successive positions and are taken in two planes; the plane of the upper part being through the inner end of therighthand trunnion 15 in Fig. 1whi1e the plane for 110 the lower part of Figs. 4, 5, and 6, is through the middle of the kidney-shaped support for the drive-drum supporting roller-system, but in Fig. 7 the lower part is sectioned through the connectionof the left-hand leg to such support. Fig. 5a shows an end of bar 19, in` the position shown in Fig. 5 on a larger scale.

Fig. 8 is a plan view of two rollers of the system of longitudinally sectioned anti-friction rollers; one of the rollers being shown in section.

Fig. 9 is an isometrical, three dimension view of connecting disks for the pintles of the sectional rollers while Fig. 10 is a side view of a pintle in detached relation to its connecting disks, whichl are shown in section.

Figs, 11 and 12 are sectional views throughthe' reversing-drum part of a trunnion corresponding to the construction of Figs. 1 and 2 of application Ser. No. 672,487 but showing how a cleated bandk such as shown for the driving-band in Fig. 2 would be applied to a reversing drum.

In Fig. 1 is represented a four-cylinder engine in which the cylinders vare grouped in pairs in two water-cooled housings l, l, below which project th'e piston-guiding extensions of the explosion chambers. From these guiding extensions project tothe right and the left and then downward, as shown in Figs.- 4 to 7, enclosing webs 2, 2, ending in outward turnedfseating flanges which rest upon and are bolted to like ilanges on a hollow base 3. These webs 2, 2, have outwardly bevelled lateral edges 4` 4, (as shown in Fig. 1) upon which seat inwardly bevelled edges of end-capping webs 5, 5, andof an intermediate web 6, all having similar seating flanges bolted to the base anges and fortifyingthe cylindersupporting webs and furnishing a complete enclosure for all the operating parts, but which is removable in sectionsfor inspection or repair purposes. The ends of the end-capping webs form the upper halves of sectional babbetted bearings for the drive-shaft extensions; and the end-capping webs, the intermediate webs and the hollow base have transverse depth-beams or cross-beams 5a, 5a, 6a, 6a., above, and 3a, 3a, '3a,3a, and 3b, below, which not only strengthen the thinner web parts but also serve other essential purposes described later.

' In the left-hand housing 1 there are a pair of pistons designated a and b and in the righthand housing 1 a pair of pistons lettered c and d. Each of these pistons has an extension which (as shown in Figs. 2 and 4 to 7) is flattened on one side to a diametric plane and: is alsorecessed to receive a plate 7 which is as wide'as the length of the piston-stroke andseats in the undercut upper end of the recess, so that its front face lies in the said diametric plane of the piston, while its rear face, near its lower end (as shown in Fig. 3) has four rearward projecting ears. lFrom each of three of theseears, 7a, 7b, 7c, project, in the samedirection, at right angles to the ears. and parallel to the plate, a cylindrical pin 7e, while through the v'fourth ear 7d, is a threaded and headed bolt 7j, held by a cross-pin, 'to swivel in the ear, while its threaded end engages a threaded opening in an adjacent piston wall, so that by turning'said bolt in'one directionor the vother all the cylindrical pins are caused to enteror withdraw from alined holes in the walls of the two pistons of the pairs a, b, or `c, d, so thatthe said plate 7 may rigidly couple saidk pistons in pairs.

As clearly shown in Fig2 the front face of.l

plate 7 has parallel, spaced grooves, the upper engage and disengage, is lessened or rear wall, at least, of which has a flat surface, affording a shoulder, which grooves receive cleats or ribs 8, rigid with a band 9, one end of which may be secured to the lower edge of plate 7 by clamp-bar 10 fastened to the plate 7 by screws 1l, as shown in Fig. 3. The other end of the band 9 is secured to the periphery of drive drum l2 and as shown in Fig. 2 the surface of this drum is also similarly grooved to receive similar but smallercleats 8a on the other side of band 9 except that the shouldered side of the grooves on the drum and the shoulder engaging faces of the cleats face in opposite direction from those ofthe plate. These shoulder engaging cleat-faces are defined by an involute curve so that they engage the shoulders of the plate, as the plate and pistons descend on the powerstroke, justas like faces of gear teeth are engaged by a rack and similarly the shoulders of the grooves on the drum are engaged as the band winds upon the drum. While either set of cleats may be formed integrally with the band, it is preferred that the plate engaging cleats be made separately and welded on and that the Weld should extend only a partfof the width of the base of the cleat down from its top edge so as to facilitate the curving of the band slightly away'from the base of the cleat, as it winds on the drum and so maintain the flexibility of the band. The involute face of the drum-engaging cleats should register with the lower edge of the plate engaging cleats. The angle of the shoulder and the spacing of thecleats relatively to that of the shoulders should be such that the cleats easily enter under the shoulders and intensive pressure is avoided until theshoulder edge intersects that radius ofthe drum which is normal to the tangent plane of the plate, and the nal intensity of pressure need not be reached until the stretch of band between the cleat at this line and the next cleat in advance, has stretched suiiiciently to complete the pressure between the cleat and shoulder at the line. In this way, friction between the cleats and shoulders, as they and while undue stress on each successive cleat-space of the band can be avoided, a reasonable stress, well within the elastic limits of the steel band, facilitates the engagement and disengagement of the cleats and the shoulders.

Figures 11 and 12 show how a similar arrangement of cleats and shoulders may be applied to a strap, the unwinding of which from a reversing-drum, turns the drive drum oppositely from the driving rotation of the latter, in order to rewind the band onfthe driving drum. In this case, a horizontal plate 7x is made rigid with a'shaft 37 having mounting rollers 37:1: running on a vertical track 38. This plate is provided with grooves affording shoulders on the right-hand groove wall to engage the involute curved face of teeth or cleats on a strap 36, one end of which is secured to the shaft 37, while its other end is attached to a reversing-drum 34. An axial. extension of thisl drum constitutes an eccentric trunnion for a driving drum similar to the driving drum 12 of Fig. 2 and having a driving band 9. This trunnion is, similarly eccentrically, mounted in a rotatably journalled disk, corresponding toand axially alined with the one at the far end of the drum, indicated by 36x. It will be obvious, that with the parts in the positions shown in Fig. 11, the turning of ther driving drum by a the reversing drum pull on its band 9 will carry and its trunnion and thereiore disk 32:1: clockwise and drum 34a,` will be moved toward shaft 37 and also (it being rigid with the driving drum) will have the angular motion of a radius of the driving drum, which will wind strap 36x on the reversing drum, until the reversing drum has made a quarter turn.' If then, disks 32x continue to be rotated (as by another such driving. drum, alined therewith), the reversing drum will move awayliromL the shaft 3'7 (which is restrainedby track38) vand cause a pull on its strap 36:1: by the shaft 37 and by each shoulder on plate 7:1: as each successive cleat engages a registering shoulder as the strap unwinds. Such Vunvvinding rotates reversing drum 34 counter-clockwise, about its own axis, in disks 32a: and carries driving drum. 12 therewith, both rewnding and raising band 9,- as shown in Fig.` 12. rlhe circular path of travel of the reversing drum 34 includes aver'tical as well as a horizontal component and as plate '1m rests on 'the reversing drum but can travel vertically as facilitated by rollers 37x travelling on track 38, (although said track prevents shaft 36 and plate '7x from moving horizontally) said plate rises and descends-with the reversing drum while maintaining the same tangential relation.

A complete structure of duplicate reversing drums for duplicate drivingdrums is fully set forth in connection with Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 31/2 in my application Ser. No. 672,487 and as its general nature has been outlined in the. introductory part of this case, and as an equivalent structure, substituting reversing cranks'for `reversing drums (shown in Fig. 1) is next to"` be described in` detail, it is'deemed unnecessary to illustrate a complete structure of reversing drum typel Returning now toFig. 1, it will be seen that each drive drum 12 has at each -end a radial U-shaped crank-member 13, which (as shown in cross-section at the left-hand end of the lefthand drum) has one end integral-with the drum end, and has a large wrist-pin section parallel to the axis of drum 12,-and mounts a freely rotatable rim 14, -while the other arm of the crank memberl terminates at its inner end, in a trunnion, parallel to but oiset from the axis VVof` kdrum 12 and between the axes of thejdrum and'4 the wrist-pin. The trunnions for `the outer ends o1' the drums'12 arefdesignated 15, 15, and each has a short reduced portion terminating` in a conical point. Each of these `outer trunnions 15,15, -is journalled in a disk 16, at the same distance from the axis of the disk that the trunnion is from the axis of drum 12; the reduced portion of the trunnion projecting through the disk, so that the conical end penetrates a reduced extension `of the disk 16, serving to journal the disk in the-end bearings provided by the end-capping webs 5, 5, and the base 3. Of these jcurnal extensions of disks 16, one numbered v1'?, may further project as a driveshaft,while the other numberedl 18; may merely constitute a journal. .l

At the inner adjacent ends of drums 12, `are trunnions 15a, 15a each alined with trunnion 15 of the same drum, but trunnions ,15a 150i` are longer and have reduoed--extensions about as long as the unreduced portion, and lthese trunnions 15a of both'drums are journalled in likeshaped bores in a common intermediate disk or cylinder 16a, Whichbores are equally offset in opposite directions from the axisfpf said cylinder 16a; the reductions in diameter of the trunnions permitting the larger partici one trunnion to overlap that oiv the other, while permittingV parsprings 20 from its position in allel engagement of both, co-extensive inlength, in cylinder 16a, although the radius of the larger trunnion parts exceeds that of their eccentricity to the cylinder. This disk or cylinder 16a is rotatably mounted `in an anti-friction bearing, comprising an inner ring or raceway, which mat7 be keyed or drive-iitted on 16a a sectional roller anti-friction'roller system andan outer raceway which seats in a semi-circular recess or halfbearing in the crossbeam 3b of the hollow base 3 and may be clamped there by the bolted down cap-piece 3c, as shown in Figs. 4 to '7.

` The freely rotatable rim 14 0n each wrist-pin of each trunnion carrying crank member 13 is in constant engagement with a movable bar 19; the upper front corner of which is rounded off (and may ber cross-ribbed `or toothed see Fig. 5a) t0 rock against the under surface of the cross-beam 5a, 5a, or 6a,` Ba, as clearly shown in Figs. 4 and 5. These bars 19 are maintained in constant engagement with the rims 14 by arcuate spiral secured to the bars and recedable into arcuate bores in the cross-beams 5a, 5a, 6a, 6a

and seating on disks supported by shorter and much more powerful springs 14 moves with crank member 20a.,"so that as rim 13 from the position shown in Fig. 4, through that shown in Fig. 5

to that in Figy, bar 19 will be rocked up against the gradually increasing Vresistance of spring 20 until the `coils, of saidspring close into contact with each other, which will be justA before the partsreach the position of Fig. 6, when said spring 20 becomes amore or less rigid thrust member which compels the yielding of the heavier spring 20a until `the whole upper surface of bar 19 engages the lower surface of the cross-beam 5a.,

'or 6a., where bar 19 is maintained until after the rim 14 has moved past the position of Fig. 7, to that of Fig. 4'. f

Attention is called to the fact that as shown in Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, the piston extensions are'not-only ilattened in cross-section, diametrically on the side toward the drum 12, but are also iiattened on the opposite side or back. This is for the purpose of engaging a large wide roller 21, turning on a `shaft-22 suspended by pivoted hangers 23 and bearing against screws 24, by which rollers 21 may-be held against the back of the piston, to prevent it from being forced out of line by any pressure against it by drive drum 12, due to the eccentric motion of drum 12, from the position shown in Fig. `7 to that shown in Fig. 4, or to any tendency toward such eccentric motion by saidk drum during the motion of the drum Fig. 4 to that of Fig. 5. Obviously screw 24 may be used to pinch the band 9 between drum 12 andplate 7 to supplement the action of the cleats 8 and 8a in lessening the tendency to stretch of band 9, but this would be at the expense Aof greater frictional resistance to the motion of the piston. Of course rollers 21 might -be multiplied along the length of the piston.

AWhile the structureso far described would be fully operative, it is of the supporting of drum 12 be` co-extensive with band 9, during the power stroke of a piston, instead -of by end bearings laterally of the pistons, that Ihave shown here, as in my vapplication such great advantage that Ser..-No.`6'72,487, an` open bearing,'direct support i i arrangement of my earlier application.

As shown in Figs. 4 and 7, I provide a support 25, kidney-shaped in cross-section, to airord a top surface concentric with drum 12, and as shown in Figs. 1 and 6 mount it on end brackets or legs 25a having V-shaped under surfaces resting on and between and dovetailed splined to wedgeblocks 25h, which blocks 25h slide on and are dovetailed splined to the cross-beams 3a of the hollow base 3. Around the support 25 travels an endless series of sectional rollers 26, each roller co-extensive with a drum 12, in length, and the series linked together by a link chain the connecting pivots of which are extensions of pintles on which the roller sections are rotatable. These roller sections of each roller are offset, as in application Ser. No. 672,487, but the means for journalling them in offset relation are somewhat different and are best shown in Figs. 8, 9, and 10. Each section has a pintle 26a; those for the end sections being extended at their outer ends to form the pivots of the connecting links, as shown in Fig. 8, but at the inner ends of these outer pintles and at each end of every intermediate pintle is formed a circumferential shallow concave groove, as shown in Fig. 10, and these grooved ends may be forced into or pulled out of counterpart interiorly convex holes in one of a pair of rigidly united oifset connecting disks 265. These grooved pintle ends may be either tted so tightly as not to be able to be turned when forced into place, or, so that they may rotate freely in the disk. In the former case before forcing in the pintles, their connecting disks 26D should be so arranged that, except for the middle section, a line connecting the axes of thel two disks of a rigid pair at each end of a section of a roller, should occupy such an angle to such ak line at the other end of that section that the axes of all the disks would lie in a curve concentric to and intermediate of the curves of the drum 12 and of the upper face of support 25. For the middle roller section the connecting line of the disk pair axes at one end of the section should directly coincide o-r overlie the line at the other end. In this case as in the construction of my earlier application the sections of each roller would have a permanent curved line relation to eachother as shown in Fig. 30 of that application regardless of the position of each roller on the support 25, or elsewhere. But if the pintle tting permits rotation of the pintle ends in the connecting disks the sections of each roller will automatically assume this curved line relation during their travel between drum 12 and support 25, and elsewhere may assume diiferent relations as exigencies impel. To prevent undue swinging of the roller sections, I show a fixed shell or guard 27 surrounding a part of the kidney-shaped support 25.

The same type of sectional roller series is shown in Figs. 1, and 4 to 7, to be applied to the mounting of the intermediate disk or cylinder 16a, but instead of link chains, (though these could be used) I have shown the outer pintle ends mounted in fiat rings.

Description of operation Assuming that Fig. 4 represents the pair of pistons c, d, to be at the top of their stroke and that a charge is exploded above piston d, the operation would be as follows:

Piston d, descending, forces band driving plate 7 down and this plate being secured to both pistons c and d, as shown in Fig. 3, piston c is also carried down (on a suction stroke) Since to pose, that no such actionoccurs.

driving plate 7 is secured the lower end of band 9 by clamp bar 10 and band 9 extends more than halfway around drum 12 and has its other end secured thereto, downward pressure on the drum 12 ,is initiated and concentrated at the line of tangency of band 9 thereto. The drum 12 is directly supported against bodily downward movement by support 25 (with its system of rollers) in its ycentral vertical plane and for a short distance on each side of that plane, and the tangential pull of band 12 being spaced laterally of the support and the anti-friction rollers facilitating, drum 12 turns and band 9 unwinds. As band -9 unwinds, cleats 8 thereon (see Fig., 2) successively engage shoulders on plate 7, like gear teeth engaging a rack and assume part at least, of the strain upon band 9, while cleats 8a on the inner side of the band, each successively transmits the immediate tangent line pressure of the registering cleat 8 directly to the drum 12, until cleat 8a is disengaged from the drum as theband 9 further unwinds. The axis of trunnion 15 (eccentric to the drum 12) being between the axis of drum 12 and the tangent plane of the band 9, if great resistance to rotation of drum 12 is offered, there may be a tendency of drum 12 to revolve about the axis of trunnion 15 in disk 16, but any such tendency is not only partly resisted by the down pull of so much of band-9 as extends beyond the vertical plane of the axis of drum 12, but also by the fact that the drum axis being eccentric to the axis of the trunnion,'the drum 12 cannot revolve about the axis of the trunnion without forcing plate 7 and both pistons to the right, which is not only resisted by the piston guiding cylinders but by the large rollers 21 at their back. Drum 12 then must rotate on its own axis, when by its rigid trunnions 15, and 15a (which then act only as keys), between the said drum and disk 16 and cylinder 16a, respectively, compel both of these to turn on their common axis, which during the entire power-stroke of the piston so turning the drum, is alined with the axis of the drum then under power pressure. When this drum 12 has made a quarter turn, the parts controlled by it, reach the positions of Fig. 5 and there is no longer any tendency for the drum under power to turn on the axis of the trunnion and the whole power imparted to band 9 is directed to rotating the right-hand disk 16 and the cylinder 16a until the parts reach their positions in Fig. 6, the righthand drum 12 of Fig. 1, so having completed a one-'half rotation. Where, as shown in Fig. 1 the driveshaft extension, 17 is at the left, this drive shaft extension is driven by the intermediate cylinder 16a by means of the left-hand drum 1'2 and its trunnions 15a and 15 and end disk 16; all acting to this end, as a mere prolongation of the drive shaft extension 17, from left-hand disk 16v to the intermediate disk or cylinder 16a. While a gyratory' action, due to the multiplicity of parts and the eccentric axes of the trunnions and drum, might be feared, all lateral movement of these parts is so controlled, in serving a further pur- While piston d as has just been supposed, moves the parts to the right of the middle in Fig. 1, from the positions shown'in Fig. 4, to that of Fig. 5 (which is the Vposition in which they are shown in Fig. l.) and then to that of Fig. 6,v the parts to the left of the middle in Fig. 1 are moved yfrom the positions shown in Fig. 6, to that of Fig. 7, (and in which they are shown in Fig. 1,) and then to that of-Fig; 4, when it -is in order for one of-the as drum 12 cannot move bodily to the right bethe descending motion so nearly equals in disthey move about incassa left-hand cylinders (as they are shown in Fig. 1,) to lhe fired causing piston a or b to descend. Attention is here called to the fact that during the motions of the parts above described, (derived from the supposed descent of lpiston d) Afrom the positions shown in Fig. 4, to that of Fig. 6, cranks 13 have not changed their positions with rela,- tion to the cylinder 16a, or the end disks 16, but that the slip rims 14, on their wrist-pins have run along the movable bars ,19, rocking the latter back and up, gradually compressing springs 20, then as these become more rigid, compressing the muchl stronger springs 26a .and finally bringing the bars 19 up into contact with the under surfaces of cross-beams 5a and 6a, and that this latter positioning of parts which is shown in Fig. 6 is that of the like parts shown at the left in Fig. 1 when the like parts, shown at the right in Fig. 1, are in the position of Fig. 4.

It having been above described that piston d, descending, through band 9, turns the righthand drum (of Fig. 1) a half-rotation, carrying the parts from the position of Fig. 4 to that of Fig. 6 and that intermediate cylinder 16a has also revolved trunnion 15a of the left-hand drum 12 (of Fig. 1) and necessarily carried said lefthand drum 12, its trunnion 15, and its `end disk 16 with it` (as ameans for rotating drive shaft extension 17) it is now to be noted, what else happens to left-hand drive drum 12 during its revolution with and by the intermediate cylinder 16a, which begins with drum 12, crank, 13, and slip-rim 14, in the positions shown in Fig. 6. As both trunnions 15 and 15a move from the position shown in Fig. 6 to that shown in Fig. '7 the axis of the intermediate disk or cylinder 16a, (because they are eccentric to that) and upward toward the cross-beams 5a, 6a, but the slip-rims 14 and cranks 13, (whose momentum has been previously gradually reduced by the resistance of springs 20 and 20a to the upward movement of bars 19) are held back by bars 19, now resting solidly against the cross-beams 5a and 6a, and so their angular relation to the end disk 16 and intermediate cylinder 16a is shifted counter-clockwise, while the bodily movement of the trunnions continues clockwise with the disk and cylinder. This counter clock'- wise shifting of cranks 13, necessarily turns trunnions 15 and 15a on their own axes and lifts drum-12 and also turns it until the parts reach the position of Fig. 7 when the drum 12 will have been lifted by the distance of its axis from that of the trunnions,` plus `thedistance of the latter from the axis of the cylinder 16a and disk 16 and also turned a quarter-turn counter-clockwise; thereby, through band 9, raising pistons a and b through the greater part of their return stroke. From this point, trunnions 15 and 15a begin to descend but still move to the right, but

cause it is in contact, through band 9 with plate 7 the position of which is maintained by both pistons a and b and by their cylinders and backing rollers 21, 21, drum 12 must be further turned backward or counter-clockwise with reference to the trunnion axes and end disk 16 and cylinder 16a and must also descend to the position shown in Fig. 4 which completes the return stroke of pistons a and b, very slowly because tance the angular final quarter-turn. Both of these motions of the drum 12 are facilitated by the action of springs 20 and 20a, which as soon j; as slip-rims 14 pass the axis of curvature of the rounding of the upper corner of bar `19 tend to thrust rim 14 and crank-arm 13 counterclockwiseV about the, axis of the trunnion. I do not regard these springs and bars as necessary to actual operativeness but they are very useful to avoid clatter and shock and absorb`.momentum andstore energy to re-apply it usefully.

It is obvious that, as the left-handpistons have been described as being returned by the powerstroke of a right-hand piston, so the right hand pistons will bereturned by a power stroke oi' a left-hand piston, but in the formshown in Fig. 1 with the drive shaft extension at the left, it willbe driven directly by the left-hand drum 12 when that is power-impelled and the only function of the right-hand drum, during this power drive of the left-hand drum is to return the pistons for that drum. i

, I claim:

surfaced member, a flexible member attached to.

the latter, so as to be windable thereon and unwindable therefrom, and means connecting the curved-surfaced member to the shaft, comprising a part moved by the curved surfaced member, but set off from an `axis about which the curved-surfaced member moves, so that said part, not only derives an angular motion. from said member, but also moves toward and from a fixed point, a fixed element and means relating said part to the fixed element, such that upon turning the curved-surfaced member, as by a pull on the flexible member, when wound thereon, it will turn the shaft to a certain extent and that a further turning of the shaft will turn the curvedsurfaced member in the opposite direction and Wind up the flexible member thereon; a part of the mechanism above defined being a ribbed or cleated band `or strap and a plate having shoulders engaging the ribs or cleats and drawing the band or strap and so successively applying stress to limited stretches of the band or strap.

2. The combination with a shaft, of a curvedsurfaced member, a ribbed or cleated band having one end secured to said member so that the band may be wound on by turning the member and the member be then turned by pulling the band, an element movable back and forth and having spaced shoulders to successively engage the said ribs or cleats as the band un-winds and so distribute pressure by said element to suc- 'said member moves, a fixed element, toward and from which said part is moved by the member as well as given an angular movement, and means relating said part to said element, so that while the shouldered element, by the band, causes the curved-surfaced member to turn a certain amount and soturn the shaft, further turning by the shaft causes the said member to reverse its movement, wind up the band and carry back the shouldered element.

3. A construction such as defined in claim 2 in which the shoulder engaging surfaces of the ribs or cleats, are defined by involute curves and the shoulders co-operate therewith to engage and disengage, as the teeth of a rack co-operate with an involute-toothed gear.

4. A construction such as defined in claim 2 in which the inner surface of the band is also ribbed or cleated and the curved-surfaced member has co-operating shoulders.

5. A construction such as defined in claim 2 in which the inner surface of' the band is ribbed' 6. A construction such as defined in claim 2 in which the inner surface of the band is ribbed or cleated and the curved surfaced member has co-operating shoulders and the spacing of the inner and of the outer ribs of cleats corresponds but the inner are in advance of the outer but by less than the width of the base of an outer rib or cleat.

7. The combination with a shaft, of a curvedsurfaced member eccentrically trunnioned to said shaft parallel to the axis of the shaft and rotatable about either that axis or about one eccentric thereto, a crank arm Vrigid with said member, a fixed surface intersecting the path of travel of the arm and engageable therewith, a iiexible member secured to the curved-surfaced member and windable theron and unwindable therefrom and means so controlling the motion of the curved-surfaced member, that a pull on the fiexiblemember, when wound, will turn the curvedsurfaced member and the shaft about the axis of the shaft until the crank-arm engages the fixed surface, when further turning'of the shaft will turn the curved-surfaced member backward about the trunnion vaxis and rewind the flexible member. Y

8. A construction such as defined in claim 7 in which the trunnion axis is equally distant from that of the shaft and that ofthe curved-surfaced member. Y

9. A construction such as defined in claim 7 in which means are provided directly engaging the curved-surfaced member and supporting it in the plane of its axis againstftheA pull of the iiexible member. i f

10. A construction such as defined in claim 7 in which means are provided for directly resisting bodily movement of the curved-surfaced member at a right-angle to the pull of the fiexible member.

11. A construction such as defined in claim 7 in which are provided anti-friction lmeans directly engaging the curved-surfaced member to support it in an axial plane, against the pull ofthe flexible member and which means travel with the rotation of said curved-surfaced member.

12. A construction such as dened in claim 7 in which travelling means are provided directly engaging the curved-surfaced member, to support f it in the plane of its axis, against the pull ofthe fiexible member and said travelling means are automatically adapt themselves. to the. curve ofy the curved-surfaced member.

13. A construction such as defined in claim .7.in.

which means for preventing movement of the axis of the curved-surfaced member transverse to the pull of the flexible member, which means travel with the rotary movement of the curvedsurfaced member, are provided. y

14. A construction such as defined in claim 7 in which means are provided between the crankarm and the fixed surface to absorb the momentum of the crank-armv and apply the energyv stored to assist movement of the crank-arm transversely to its arrested motion.

15. A construction such as defined in claim which vmeans are provided vwhich maintain an.

unbroken .engagement with the crank-arm, throughoutits travel, affording a yielding resistance which stiffens gradually into the positive stop. of the fixed surface. f

16. The combination with a pair of circular piston extensions, flattened in cross-section, and recessed to receive and provide an overhanging shoulder for one edge of a plate spanning both piston extensions, and whose exposed surface lies in a plane diametric to the piston circle, means for detachably coupling the plate, adjacent its other edge, to both piston extensions, a band secured to the plate and secured to and winding upon a drum, a shaft assembly comprising said drum and end extensions, and means comprising a part offset from the common axis of the shaft assembly, a fixed element, and means relating the said part to said fixed element, so that movement of one of said piston extensions and thereby of said plate, partly rotates said shaft assembly, while further rotation of the shaft assembly reversely rotates the drum and returns the plate and piston extensions.

17. A construction suchas defined in claim 16 in which the piston extensions are fiattened on two sides and are supported against transverse thrust upon the plate, by a roller, and in which the oifsetpart is a crank-wrist on the drum and the drum has an eccentric pivotal relation to the shaft end-extensions.

18.` A construction such as defined in claim 16 in which the piston pairs are duplicated and the shaftassembly line includes two drums connected to end, and intermediate journalling extensions, by pivots, the pivots of one drum being offset oppositely to those of the other, from the common axis of the extensions.

BALLARD N. MORRIS. 

